python Toplevel

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The Toplevel widget in Tkinter is used to create additional windows (pop-ups or dialogs) in an application. These windows are separate from the main window and can have their own title bars, borders, and decorations. They are useful for displaying extra information or creating multiple windows within an application.

Syntax:

w = Toplevel(parent, options)

• parent: The parent widget or window. If omitted, the new window is not explicitly associated with any parent.

• options: Various configuration options for the Toplevel window (listed below).

Options for Toplevel Widget:

SN	Option	Description
1	bg	Background color of the window.
2	bd	Border size of the window.
3	cursor	Type of mouse pointer to display when the cursor is in the window (e.g., arrow, dot).
4	class_	Used to set the class name of the window.
5	font	Font type used in the window.
6	fg	Foreground color of the text in the window.
7	height	Height of the window in pixels.
8	relief	Type of border (e.g., RAISED, SUNKEN, FLAT).
9	width	Width of the window in pixels.

Methods for Toplevel Widget:

SN	Method	Description
1	deiconify()	Displays the window if it was previously iconified (minimized).
2	frame()	Shows a system-dependent window identifier.
3	group(window)	Adds the window to a specified window group.
4	iconify()	Converts the window into an icon (minimizes it).
5	protocol(name, function)	Associates a function with a specific protocol (e.g., handling window close events).
6	state()	Gets the current state of the window (e.g., normal, iconic, withdrawn).
7	transient([master])	Converts this window to a transient window (temporary), typically for dialogs.
8	withdraw()	Hides the window without destroying it.
9	maxsize(width, height)	Sets the maximum size of the window.
10	minsize(width, height)	Sets the minimum size of the window.
11	positionfrom(who)	Defines who controls the position of the window (e.g., the parent window).
12	resizable(width, height)	Controls whether the window can be resized in width and height.
13	sizefrom(who)	Defines who controls the size of the window (e.g., the parent window).
14	title(string)	Sets the title of the window.

Example of Using the Toplevel Widget:

Here's an example demonstrating how to create a Toplevel window:

from tkinter import *

def open_toplevel():
    # Create a new Toplevel window
    top = Toplevel(root)
    top.title("Toplevel Window")
    top.geometry("300x200") # Set size of the window
    top.resizable(False, False) # Make the window non-resizable

    # Add a label to the Toplevel window
    label = Label(top, text="This is a Toplevel window")
    label.pack(pady=20)

    # Add a button to close the Toplevel window
    button = Button(top, text="Close", command=top.destroy)
    button.pack(pady=10)

# Create the main window
root = Tk()
root.title("Main Window")

# Add a button to open the Toplevel window
button = Button(root, text="Open Toplevel Window", command=open_toplevel)
button.pack(pady=20)

# Run the Tkinter event loop
root.mainloop()

Explanation:

• Toplevel(): Creates a new top-level window.

• title(): Sets the title of the Toplevel window.

• geometry(): Specifies the size of the Toplevel window.

• resizable(False, False): Makes the Toplevel window non-resizable.

• pack(): Adds widgets to the Toplevel window.

• top.destroy: Closes the Toplevel window when the button is clicked.

This example demonstrates how to create a secondary window in Tkinter and manage its size, title, and content.

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